Names for things

"set apps /Apps", and then "$apps" anywhere on a later line stands for it. A
name stops where a name stops - letters and digits - so it composes into a path
without anything having to be quoted, which is the whole reason a script would
want one.

THE SUBSTITUTION HAPPENS ON EVERY LINE THE SHELL IS ABOUT TO RUN, typed or read
out of a file, so the two behave the same and no command below has to know that
variables exist. Same shape as the line editing: one place the whole system
already flows through, rather than a decision made twenty times.

A NAME NOTHING WAS SET TO DOES NOT RUN THE LINE. Every other shell expands it to
nothing, and that is the wrong answer here: a mistyped name would quietly become
an empty path, which is the class of silent wrong answer the rest of this system
spends its effort refusing. It says so and the line counts as failed, which
stops a script - and the test proves that by running one, where the line after
it must not appear. Somebody who wants an empty value writes "set name" and gets
one, so the escape hatch exists and has to be asked for.

A NAME TOO LONG IS AN ERROR RATHER THAN A SHORTER NAME. Cutting it off at
fifteen characters was the first version, and it is the same fault wearing a
different coat: two names differing only after the fifteenth would be one
variable, and the complaint about a missing one printed a word nobody typed.

Eight slots of sixty four bytes - sixteen of name, forty eight of value - and
sixty four rather than eighty because A and B are a sixteen bit shift register,
so two rotations turn a slot number into its offset. The same trick the history
uses, and the reason neither needs a multiply this machine has not got.

TWO THINGS I GOT WRONG AND ONE I FOUND:

doSetVar ended in RET. It is BRANCHED to from the dispatch, not called, so that
RET went wherever the Stack happened to point - the same fault that formatted a
disk last week, in a command written three days after the rule was named. The
new lint rule does not catch this shape: it fires on falling INTO a subroutine,
not on a branch target that ends like one.

And a test of the expansion's answer, which is dead code: commandFailed does not
return. It marks the line and branches to the prompt, the way every failure in
this shell is reported, so the only way out of the expansion is the one where it
worked.

Which turned up a real leak, measured and not yet fixed: every failure that goes
through commandFailed abandons the frames between the prompt and the call. SP
goes from FFFD to FE6D over twenty of them, twenty bytes each. Its own commit.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW

Tests/expected/cosmosVars.out

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+CosmOS
+> set apps /Apps
+> echo $apps
+/Apps
+> set
+apps is /Apps
+> echo $apps/Copy.sbx
+/Apps/Copy.sbx
+> echo $nope
+nothing is set called nope
+> set apps
+> echo [$apps]
+[]
+> echo $ 5
+$ 5
+> echo $aNameFarLongerThanFifteen
+that name is longer than a name can be
+> do vars.script
+> echo before
+before
+> echo $nosuchname
+nothing is set called nosuchname
+stopped: that line did not work
+> exit
+halted
+Execution halted.
+[exit 0]