SplitBit assembles SplitBit: M1, a single file with no includes
Programs/CosmOS/Assembler/ is an assembler written in SplitBit assembly. It
runs under CosmOS, reads source off a SplitBit disk, and writes a binary back
to it with no host involved anywhere:
> run Asm.sbx hello.asm
wrote hello.bin: program 17, data 14, labels 2
THE ACCEPTANCE TEST IS THE BYTES. Tests/native.sh assembles Programs/hello.asm
both ways and compares the two files byte for byte, then runs the one the
machine built. "It ran" and "the sizes look right" both pass for a binary with
a label one byte out, which is a program that jumps into the middle of an
instruction - so the only honest test is the one SplitDisk and sbfs.asm
already work under: two implementations of one written specification, each
checking the other. The files are identical and the result prints Hello,
World! in 70 cycles.
hello.asm is the target because it is the oldest program in the repository.
The first thing this machine ever ran is now the first thing it assembles for
itself.
TWO PASSES OVER STREAMED SOURCE. The C assembler reads every token of every
file into one array; that cannot port, because cosmos.asm alone is 56,047
bytes against 64K of Data Memory. The native one streams through a 256 byte
window, twice, and keeps only the label table between the passes. Two passes
suffice because every length is known without resolving anything - an
instruction's from its shape, a value's is one, a string's is its characters
and a zero - so the first pass fixes every address and the second never needs
a fixup list. A forward reference stops being a special case and becomes the
reason there are two passes at all.
The parts, each checked before anything was built on it:
source.asm characters out of a file of any size, with a line number
token.asm tokens out of characters, one character of lookahead
classify.asm what a token is, in the C assembler's order, which IS the
language: keyword, instruction, value, string, label
labels.asm names packed in an arena, four bytes of index each
numbers.asm sixteen bit arithmetic, since sbfs.asm's cannot be reached
table.asm the instruction set, generated by the same script the
monitor's copy is, and now BOTH are checked by docs.sh
readTest.asm and tokenTest.asm check the reader and the tokenizer on their
own, recorded as cosmosSource and cosmosTokens. A wrong classification does
not produce a wrong byte somewhere obvious; it produces a right looking
program of the wrong length, so it is worth catching where it happens.
WHAT IT REFUSES: #Include, #Base, #Align, #Reserve and #Vectors are refused
by name rather than ignored. Skipping a directive would produce a file that
looked right and was the wrong length, which is the worst thing an assembler
can do.
Two traps worth recording, both already known to this project and both hit
again: CALL restores A, B and DP0-DP2, so three routines returning an answer
in A had it undone by their own return; and numStep works on DP0, so three
sites that set DP1 left a pointer that never advanced.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW
This commit is contained in:
Anachronaut
co-authored by
Claude Opus 5
Claude Opus 5
parent
a131a90c67
commit
dcb331c151
@@ -0,0 +1,792 @@
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; What a token is.
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;
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; THE ORDER OF THESE TESTS IS THE LANGUAGE, and it is copied deliberately from the C
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; assembler rather than reinvented, because the two have to produce the same bytes from
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; the same source. A token is a keyword, then an instruction, then a literal value, then a
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; string, then a label - and what a thing means depends on which of those it reaches first.
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;
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; ClsType 0 keyword 1 instruction 2 value 3 string
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; 4 label definition 5 label reference
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;
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; A STRING IS NEVER ANYTHING ELSE. The quotes are gone by the time a token is looked at, so
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; without that guard a string whose text reads "ADD" assembles as an instruction and one
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; that begins with a zero is rejected as a malformed literal. Both have happened; the C
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; assembler carries the same guard in two places and this carries it in four, because the
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; keyword test needs it too and over there it does not have it.
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;
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; Written by Anachronaut
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#Program
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; Works out what TokText is. Q is zero if it is something the assembler understands.
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clsToken:
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RSTA
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SETD.0 ClsLength
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STA.0
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SETD.0 TokString
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LDA.0
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BNA clsIsString
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; ---- A keyword ----
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SETD.0 TokText
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LDA.0
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INIB 0x23 ; '#'
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XOR
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BNQ clsTryInstruction
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INIA 0d0
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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BRI clsYes
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clsTryInstruction:
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CALL clsInstruction
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BNQ clsTryValue
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INIA 0d1
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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BRI clsYes
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clsTryValue:
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; A leading zero means a literal was meant, so anything malformed after it is an error
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; rather than a label. Falling through to the label test would quietly emit two bytes
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; where one was wanted and shift everything after it.
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SETD.0 TokText
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LDA.0
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INIB 0x30 ; '0'
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XOR
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BNQ clsTryLabel
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CALL clsValue
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BNQ clsNo
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INIA 0d2
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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INIA 0d1
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SETD.0 ClsLength
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STA.0
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BRI clsYes
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clsIsString:
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INIA 0d3
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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; A string is its characters and the zero byte after them, which is why two strings
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; written in a row are two strings rather than one long one.
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SETD.0 TokLength
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LDA.0
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INCA
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SETD.0 ClsLength
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STA.0
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BRI clsYes
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clsTryLabel:
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; A colon on the end makes it a definition. Everything else is a use of a name, which
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; is two bytes of address wherever it appears.
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CALL clsLastCharacter
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SETD.0 ClsByte
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LDA.0
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INIB 0x3A ; ':'
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XOR
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BNQ clsUse
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INIA 0d4
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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BRI clsYes
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clsUse:
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INIA 0d5
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SETD.0 ClsType
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STA.0
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INIA 0d2
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SETD.0 ClsLength
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STA.0
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clsYes:
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RSTA
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RSTB
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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clsNo:
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RSTA
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INIB 0d1
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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; The last character of the token, into ClsByte. Zero if the token is empty.
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;
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; INTO MEMORY, not into A, and that is not a style choice: a CALL saves and restores A, B
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; and Data Pointers 0 to 2, so a routine that leaves its answer in one of those has the
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; answer undone by its own return. Only Q, DP3 and memory survive.
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clsLastCharacter:
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SETD.0 TokLength
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LDA.0
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BRA clsLastNone
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SETD.0 TokText
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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STD.0.1
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SETD.0 TokLength
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LDA.0
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DECA
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SETD.0 ClsWalk
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CALL numAddByte
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 ClsByte
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STA.0
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RET
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clsLastNone:
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RSTA
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SETD.0 ClsByte
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STA.0
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RET
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; ---- Instructions ----
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; Is TokText an instruction? Q is zero if it is, and then ClsOpcode, ClsShape, ClsLength
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; and ClsSelectorValue describe it.
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;
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; The name is folded to upper case and the selectors are split off before anything is
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; looked up, because SETD.2 is the instruction SETD naming Data Pointer 2 rather than a
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; name of its own.
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clsInstruction:
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CALL clsSplitName
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BNQ clsInstructionNo ; Longer than any mnemonic, so it is not one.
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CALL clsFindName
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BNQ clsInstructionNo
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; How many selectors this shape wants. They are emitted whether or not they were
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; written, so the length is fixed by the instruction and leaving one off means zero.
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SETD.0 ClsShape
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 AsmShapeSelectors
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CALL clsIndexByte
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SETD.0 ClsByte
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 ClsWanted
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STA.0
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; More selectors than the instruction has pointers to name is a mistake worth catching:
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; it means the programmer thinks it does something it does not.
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SETD.0 ClsGiven
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LDA.0
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SETD.2 ClsWanted
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LDB.2
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CCF
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SUB
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BRQ clsSelectorsFit
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BRC clsSelectorsFit ; Fewer than wanted is allowed and means zero.
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SETD.0 TooManySelectors
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CALL clsComplain
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BRI clsInstructionNo
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clsSelectorsFit:
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SETD.0 ClsWanted
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LDA.0
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INCA
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SETD.0 ClsLength
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STA.0 ; The opcode and its selectors. The operand is its own token.
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RSTA
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RSTB
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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clsInstructionNo:
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RSTA
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INIB 0d1
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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; Splits TokText into an upper case mnemonic in ClsName, padded to four with spaces, and
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; up to two selector digits in ClsSelectorValue. Q is zero if the name could be a mnemonic
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; at all, which means four characters or fewer.
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clsSplitName:
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INIA 0x20
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SETD.0 ClsName
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STA.0
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INCD.0
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STA.0
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INCD.0
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STA.0
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INCD.0
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STA.0
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INCD.0
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RSTA
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STA.0 ; Four spaces and a zero, so a short name still compares.
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RSTA
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SETD.0 ClsGiven
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STA.0
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SETD.0 ClsSelectorValue
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STA.0
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INCD.0
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STA.0
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SETD.0 ClsNameLength
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RSTA
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STA.0
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SETD.0 TokText
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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STD.0.1
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clsNameLoop:
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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BRA clsSplitDone
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INIB 0x2E ; '.'
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XOR
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BRQ clsSelectorPart
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SETD.0 ClsNameLength
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LDA.0
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INIB 0d4
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CCF
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SUB
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BNC clsSplitTooLong ; A fifth character, so this is not a mnemonic.
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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CALL clsUpper
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SETD.0 ClsByte
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 ClsName
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SETD.2 ClsNameLength
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CALL clsPutIndexed
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SETD.0 ClsNameLength
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LDA.0
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INCA
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STA.0
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clsNameStep:
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SETD.0 ClsWalk
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CALL numStep
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BRI clsNameLoop
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clsSelectorPart:
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; The character after the dot is which Data Pointer, in decimal.
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SETD.0 ClsWalk
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CALL numStep
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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BRA clsSplitDone
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INIB 0x30
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CCF
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SUB
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MVQA ; The digit as a number.
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SETD.0 ClsDigitHold
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STA.0
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; There are four Data Pointers, so anything above three does not name one.
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INIB 0d4
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CCF
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SUB
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BNC clsSelectorRange
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SETD.0 ClsGiven
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LDA.0
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INIB 0d2
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CCF
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SUB
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BNC clsSelectorSpare ; Already two, so anything more is counted and discarded;
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; the count is what the caller complains about.
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SETD.0 ClsDigitHold
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 ClsSelectorValue
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SETD.2 ClsGiven
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CALL clsPutIndexed
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clsSelectorSpare:
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SETD.0 ClsGiven
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LDA.0
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INCA
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STA.0
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BRI clsNameStep
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clsSplitDone:
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SETD.0 ClsNameLength
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LDA.0
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BRA clsSplitTooLong ; Nothing before the dot is not a mnemonic either.
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RSTA
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RSTB
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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clsSelectorRange:
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SETD.0 BadSelector
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CALL clsComplain
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clsSplitTooLong:
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RSTA
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INIB 0d1
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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; Looks ClsName up in the instruction table. Q is zero if it is there, and then ClsOpcode
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; and ClsShape say what it is.
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clsFindName:
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SETD.0 AsmInstructions
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SETD.1 ClsEntry
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STD.0.1
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SETD.0 AsmInstructionCount
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LDA.0
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SETD.0 ClsLeft
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STA.0
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clsFindLoop:
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SETD.1 ClsEntry
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LDD.0.1
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INCD.0
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INCD.0 ; Past the opcode and the shape, to the name.
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SETD.1 ClsName
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CALL clsSameName
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BRQ clsFindGot
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; Seven bytes to an entry: an opcode, a shape, and four characters with a zero.
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INIA 0d7
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SETD.0 ClsEntry
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CALL numAddByte
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SETD.0 ClsLeft
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LDA.0
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DECA
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STA.0
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BNA clsFindLoop
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RSTA
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INIB 0d1
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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clsFindGot:
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SETD.1 ClsEntry
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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SETD.1 ClsOpcode
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STA.1
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SETD.1 ClsEntry
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LDD.0.1
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INCD.0
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LDA.0
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SETD.1 ClsShape
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STA.1
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RSTA
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RSTB
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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; Four characters at DP0 against four at DP1. Q is zero if they are the same.
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clsSameName:
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INIA 0d4
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SETD.2 ClsLeft2
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STA.2
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clsSameLoop:
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LDA.0
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LDB.1
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XOR
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BNQ clsSameDone
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INCD.0
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INCD.1
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SETD.2 ClsLeft2
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LDA.2
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DECA
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STA.2
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BNA clsSameLoop
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clsSameDone:
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RET
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; ---- Literal values ----
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; Is TokText a well formed literal? Q is zero if it is, and ClsValue is what it comes to.
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; Anything beginning with a zero has to be one, so a failure here is an error rather than
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; an invitation to try the next test.
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clsValue:
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SETD.0 TokText
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INCD.0
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LDA.0
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INIB 0x78 ; 'x'
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XOR
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BRQ clsValueHex
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SETD.0 TokText
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INCD.0
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LDA.0
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INIB 0x64 ; 'd'
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XOR
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BRQ clsValueDecimal
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SETD.0 BadPrefix
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CALL clsComplain
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BRI clsValueNo
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clsValueHex:
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INIA 0d16
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SETD.0 ClsBase
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STA.0
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BRI clsValueDigits
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clsValueDecimal:
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INIA 0d10
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SETD.0 ClsBase
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STA.0
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clsValueDigits:
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SETD.0 TokLength
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LDA.0
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INIB 0d3
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CCF
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SUB
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BRC clsValueEmpty ; Only the prefix, so there are no digits at all.
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RSTA
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SETD.0 ClsValue
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STA.0
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SETD.0 TokText
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INCD.0
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INCD.0
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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STD.0.1
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clsValueLoop:
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SETD.1 ClsWalk
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LDD.0.1
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LDA.0
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BRA clsValueGood
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CALL clsDigit
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BNQ clsValueBadDigit
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; value = value * base + digit, and anything that will not fit in a byte is refused
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; rather than wrapped, because a literal is one byte wherever it goes.
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SETD.0 ClsDigitValue
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LDA.0
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SETD.2 ClsValue
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LDB.2
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PSHA
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SETD.0 ClsBase
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LDA.0
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CALL clsMultiply
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BNQ clsValueTooBig
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POPA
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SETD.0 ClsProduct
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LDB.0
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CCF
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ADD
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BRC clsValueTooBig
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MVQA
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SETD.0 ClsValue
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STA.0
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SETD.0 ClsWalk
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CALL numStep
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BRI clsValueLoop
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clsValueGood:
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RSTA
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RSTB
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CCF
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ADD
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RET
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clsValueEmpty:
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SETD.0 NoDigits
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CALL clsComplain
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BRI clsValueNo
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clsValueBadDigit:
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SETD.0 BadDigit
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||||
CALL clsComplain
|
||||
BRI clsValueNo
|
||||
clsValueTooBig:
|
||||
POPA
|
||||
SETD.0 TooBig
|
||||
CALL clsComplain
|
||||
|
||||
clsValueNo:
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
INIB 0d1
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; The character in A as a digit in ClsBase, into ClsDigitValue. Q is zero if it is one.
|
||||
clsDigit:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
|
||||
; 0 to 9
|
||||
INIB 0x30
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BRC clsDigitNo
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x3A
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BRC clsDigitDecimal
|
||||
|
||||
; A to F, either case, and only when the base has room for them.
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsBase
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0d16
|
||||
XOR
|
||||
BNQ clsDigitNo
|
||||
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
CALL clsUpper
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsByte
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x41
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BRC clsDigitNo
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x47
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BNC clsDigitNo
|
||||
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x37 ; 'A' is ten, so the offset is 0x41 less 10.
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
MVQA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsDigitValue
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
BRI clsDigitYes
|
||||
|
||||
clsDigitDecimal:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x30
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
MVQA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsDigitValue
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
; A decimal digit is a hexadecimal one too, so this needs no test of the base.
|
||||
|
||||
clsDigitYes:
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
RSTB
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
clsDigitNo:
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
INIB 0d1
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; B times A into ClsProduct. Q is not zero if it would not fit in a byte, which is the
|
||||
; only answer a literal can use: there is no wider literal to promote it to.
|
||||
clsMultiply:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsMulLeft
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsProduct
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
clsMultiplyLoop:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsMulLeft
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
BRA clsMultiplyDone
|
||||
DECA
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsProduct
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
BRC clsMultiplyOver
|
||||
MVQA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsProduct
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
BRI clsMultiplyLoop
|
||||
clsMultiplyDone:
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
RSTB
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
RET
|
||||
clsMultiplyOver:
|
||||
RSTA
|
||||
INIB 0d1
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
ADD
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; ---- Odds and ends ----
|
||||
|
||||
; The character in A, folded to upper case, into ClsByte.
|
||||
clsUpper:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x61 ; 'a'
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BRC clsUpperDone
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0x7B ; One past 'z'.
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
BNC clsUpperDone
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INIB 0d32
|
||||
CCF
|
||||
SUB
|
||||
MVQA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsByte
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
RET
|
||||
clsUpperDone:
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsHold
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsByte
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; The byte at DP0, offset by A, into ClsByte.
|
||||
clsIndexByte:
|
||||
PSHA
|
||||
PSHD.0
|
||||
POPB
|
||||
POPA ; The low byte is on top, the way a pointer is pushed.
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsWalk
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
INCD.0
|
||||
STB.0
|
||||
POPA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsWalk
|
||||
CALL numAddByte
|
||||
SETD.1 ClsWalk
|
||||
LDD.0.1
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsByte
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; Puts A at DP0 offset by the byte at DP2.
|
||||
clsPutIndexed:
|
||||
PSHA
|
||||
PSHD.0
|
||||
POPB
|
||||
POPA
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsPut
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
INCD.0
|
||||
STB.0
|
||||
LDA.2
|
||||
SETD.0 ClsPut
|
||||
CALL numAddByte
|
||||
SETD.1 ClsPut
|
||||
LDD.0.1
|
||||
POPA
|
||||
STA.0
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
; Says what is wrong, with the file and the line, the way an error ought to.
|
||||
clsComplain:
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 InFileText
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 SrcName
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 AtLineText
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 TokLine
|
||||
LDA.0
|
||||
INCD.0
|
||||
LDB.0
|
||||
SWI osPrintNumber
|
||||
SETD.0 SaidText
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 TokText
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
SETD.0 SaidEnd
|
||||
SWI osPrintString
|
||||
RET
|
||||
|
||||
#Data
|
||||
|
||||
ClsType:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsLength:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsOpcode:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsShape:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsSelectorValue:
|
||||
0x00 0x00
|
||||
ClsGiven:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsWanted:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsNameLength:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsName:
|
||||
#Reserve 0d5
|
||||
ClsValue:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsBase:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsDigitValue:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsProduct:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsMulLeft:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsHold:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsDigitHold:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsByte:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsLeft:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsLeft2:
|
||||
0x00
|
||||
ClsWalk:
|
||||
0x00 0x00
|
||||
ClsEntry:
|
||||
0x00 0x00
|
||||
ClsPut:
|
||||
0x00 0x00
|
||||
|
||||
InFileText:
|
||||
" in "
|
||||
AtLineText:
|
||||
" at line "
|
||||
SaidText:
|
||||
"
|
||||
it said: "
|
||||
SaidEnd:
|
||||
"
|
||||
"
|
||||
BadPrefix:
|
||||
"a literal needs 0x for hexadecimal or 0d for decimal"
|
||||
NoDigits:
|
||||
"a literal with no digits after its prefix"
|
||||
BadDigit:
|
||||
"that is not a digit in the base the prefix asked for"
|
||||
TooBig:
|
||||
"a literal too large to fit in one byte"
|
||||
TooManySelectors:
|
||||
"more Data Pointer selectors than that instruction has pointers to name"
|
||||
BadSelector:
|
||||
"that does not name a Data Pointer, which run from 0 to 3"
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user