Twenty four places moved Q into A or B by pushing it and popping it back.
That is four bus cycles and two bytes to do what MVQA does in one of each,
and several of them are inside loops - Life, the calculator, int8. Nineteen
more loaded zero with INIA 0d0 where RSTA says the same thing in one byte.
Both are equivalent at the CPU rather than by assertion: RSTA and INIA both
leave Status alone, and PSHQ followed by POPA nets to A = Q with the Stack
Pointer where it started. The one difference is that the pair leaves a copy
of Q in memory just below the Stack Pointer and MVQA does not, which
nothing here reads.
Five recorded outputs moved and every one of them says the change worked:
- 16x16Life fits five more generations into the same cycle budget, the
first 457 lines identical, because the loop got cheaper.
- Life.sbx is 1409 bytes rather than 1411, in three tests that list it.
- Edit.sbx is 1995 rather than 1996.
That last one broke a check I added this morning, and the hole is worth
recording: the CosmOS README's claim about Edit's size did not have the
word "Edit" on the same line as the number, because the subject was in the
sentence before, so the check that measures quoted sizes skipped it
silently. The sentence now names what it is talking about, which makes it
both checkable and clearer, and the check fails on a wrong number there.
Comments on either half of a replaced pair are carried onto the
instruction that replaces them, so nothing anybody wrote was lost.
Break left DP1 and DP2 alone, so what a stop printed for them was whatever the
shell happened to have left there - which is a CosmOS address, which moves
whenever CosmOS is touched at all. The recorded output had to be taken again
four times in one day's work, every time for a value that is not this program's
and that nothing should ever depend on.
It sets all three of the pointers it owns now, rotated between the two stops so
that every one of them visibly changes, the way A and B already did. DP3 stays
as the system left it: it is where the program was entered, which is the one
thing worth seeing here that this program did not choose, and it is steady
because it is this program's own base.
A demonstration of what the registers were should show registers somebody
chose. Then every line of the record is being asserted rather than merely
observed, and a reader can tell which is which.
Checked both ways: sixty four bytes added to CosmOS's data no longer moves it,
and reading the frame at the wrong offset still fails it.
cosmosRun and cosmosMonitor move because Break is sixteen bytes longer and both
of them list the disk it sits on.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW
The memory map gave CosmOS 0x0000 through 0x1FFF of Program Memory and
applications 0x2000 and above. CosmOS is 8141 bytes at the previous commit,
which is fifty one bytes short of the line, and the next thing added to it
went over.
GOING OVER DOES NOT FAIL WHERE IT HAPPENS. Nothing enforces the division: an
application says where it goes with #Base and the loader puts it there, so a
CosmOS that has grown past 0x1FFF simply has the next program loaded written
over the end of it. What breaks is whichever part of the shell that program
happened to cover, at whatever later moment somebody uses it. It turned up here
as the monitor's assemble command answering "I do not know" to valid
instructions, several commands into a session, on a machine that had booted
perfectly well.
Both halves are doubled: applications now start at 0x4000 in Program Memory and
0x2000 in Data Memory. That is 16K of code and 8K of data for the system,
against the 8775 and 2948 it uses today. Both were on the same trajectory, and
moving them together means the twenty files that say #Base are edited once
rather than twice.
The standalone loader's loadable.asm keeps its old base: it belongs to the
loader CosmOS grew out of, not to CosmOS, and its addresses answer to a
different program. The unbased-segment diagnostic keeps its old base too - it
exists to produce an error message that names the address, and the message is
what is recorded.
Tests/docs.sh now reads the two limits out of the table in the README and
measures both segments against them. It reads them rather than being told them
because the table is the specification, and this is the second time in this
project that the thing nobody checked is the thing that rotted.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW
The dump labelled the status register "S", which reads as Stack to anybody
sensible - and the Stack Pointer was the one register it did not show, so
there was nothing to contradict the guess. It is written "status" now, and
followed by the bits that are up, because a dump that makes you look the
number up is only half a dump.
The Stack Pointer is not in the frame, since the frame is where the Stack
Pointer is. What the program had is fourteen bytes above it, that being what
entering an interrupt puts down, so it is worked out and shown.
Apps/Break.asm takes its second stop inside a subroutine, so the recorded
output shows the Stack Pointer at FFFF and then at FFF5: a difference of ten,
which is the size of a CALL frame. That checks the value is derived rather
than constant, which the previous version could not have told you.
Reported by Anachronaut, who read the output and asked why a pointer was two
digits long.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
A breakpoint that shows every register as the program had them, waits for a
key, and carries on.
NOTHING IS OVERWRITTEN, and that is the design rather than a shortcut. A
breakpoint poked into a running program has to replace an instruction, and
putting that instruction back in order to continue is the same act as
disarming the breakpoint; firing a second time would mean stepping over the
restored instruction and putting the breakpoint back behind it, and this
machine cannot step a single instruction. SWI is two bytes, dispatches
through a vector, and its frame already holds the address after it, so RETI
resumes at the next instruction with nothing to restore and nothing to
re-arm. It fires every time it is reached.
The price is that a breakpoint is part of the program: a build with them in
has different addresses from a build without. That is the bargain every
machine with a break instruction makes.
Every value shown comes out of the frame rather than the registers, because
by the time the handler runs the registers are the handler's. Apps/Break.asm
stops twice so that the second stop is checked as well as the first.
Also here, found by the test that came with it: the monitor's s wrote into
whichever bank was selected, and bank 2 is the controller's own table,
published read only. Writing to it was refused, and a refusal nobody catches
stops the machine - so selecting the bank table to look at it and then typing
s killed the session. bankPresent now keeps the whole flags byte and s
declines. The recorded output of cosmosMonitor had contained that crash,
having been blessed without being read.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Anachronaut
