Three different things used to do this job, and which one you got depended on
where the machine was running. On a terminal the host held the line and did the
echoing and the backspacing; behind a window the console's own gatherer did it;
from a file nothing did it at all. One job, three implementations, none of them
in the system - which is why there was no way to move about in a line and
nowhere for a history to live.
So editLine does it. Key mode while a line is being read and line mode straight
after, so nothing else in the system and no program calling osReadLine notices
anything changed. Left and Right, Home and End, Backspace for the character
before the cursor and Delete for the one under it, and anything typed goes in
where the cursor is with the rest of the line moving along.
Ctrl-D means the end of input again, on an empty line, because that was a thing
the terminal did while it was holding the line and it is not holding it now.
Same trade as the echoing.
MOST KEYSTROKES DRAW NOTHING BUT THEMSELVES. A character typed at the end of a
line needs no cursor moved: printing it is the whole change, and a backspace
there is three ordinary bytes. That matters beyond speed - moving the cursor by
hand is what a terminal is TOLD about, in an escape sequence, so redrawing on
every keypress would fill every recorded transcript in this suite with them.
The line is only reprinted when something happened in the middle of it.
Where the line STARTS is worked out backwards from where printing ended, rather
than trusted from what was remembered. That is what makes it survive the screen
scrolling: a line printed on the bottom row moves everything up by one, and a
remembered row would be one too low from then on.
The command line holds 127 characters, up from 63. The limit started to be felt
the moment a line could be moved about in.
58 recordings changed, and every one of them by the echo. THE PROOF IS NOT A
HEURISTIC: a CosmOS built with the echo silenced reproduces 187 of the 188
recordings byte for byte. The one exception is cosmosTyped, the backspace test,
where the rub-out marks now come from the shell instead of from the console's
gatherer - same marks, different author.
cosmosEditKeys is the new test, and every line in it is typed wrong and then
corrected with a different key. Its last line is eighty six characters at a
prompt in column two on an eighty column screen, so the line runs onto the row
below and the shell has to find the start of something it can no longer see;
breaking either half of that arithmetic fails it.
Also: agree.sh looked for "> the same", anchored to a prompt that no longer
precedes what a command prints.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW
The memory map gave CosmOS 0x0000 through 0x1FFF of Program Memory and
applications 0x2000 and above. CosmOS is 8141 bytes at the previous commit,
which is fifty one bytes short of the line, and the next thing added to it
went over.
GOING OVER DOES NOT FAIL WHERE IT HAPPENS. Nothing enforces the division: an
application says where it goes with #Base and the loader puts it there, so a
CosmOS that has grown past 0x1FFF simply has the next program loaded written
over the end of it. What breaks is whichever part of the shell that program
happened to cover, at whatever later moment somebody uses it. It turned up here
as the monitor's assemble command answering "I do not know" to valid
instructions, several commands into a session, on a machine that had booted
perfectly well.
Both halves are doubled: applications now start at 0x4000 in Program Memory and
0x2000 in Data Memory. That is 16K of code and 8K of data for the system,
against the 8775 and 2948 it uses today. Both were on the same trajectory, and
moving them together means the twenty files that say #Base are edited once
rather than twice.
The standalone loader's loadable.asm keeps its old base: it belongs to the
loader CosmOS grew out of, not to CosmOS, and its addresses answer to a
different program. The unbased-segment diagnostic keeps its old base too - it
exists to produce an error message that names the address, and the message is
what is recorded.
Tests/docs.sh now reads the two limits out of the table in the README and
measures both segments against them. It reads them rather than being told them
because the table is the specification, and this is the second time in this
project that the thing nobody checked is the thing that rotted.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW
a <address>, then instructions until a line that is just a dot.
The syntax is the assembler's own: a selector rides on the mnemonic as LDA.0
or LDD.0.1, and leaving one off means Data Pointer 0 exactly as it does in a
source file, so nothing learned at the monitor has to be unlearned when
writing a program. Case is folded, since the assembler does not care either.
Numbers are hexadecimal and bare. A source file writes 0x2000 or 0d16 because
it has both and must say which; a monitor has one and says so once, in the
manual, rather than on every line.
It reads the same table the disassembler does, searched the other way round,
which is the point of it being a table rather than two lists: what a writes,
d reads back, and neither can drift from the other or from the assembler both
were generated from. Instruction lengths come from the shared shape table
too, so the cursor cannot get out of step with what was written.
THE WHOLE LINE IS UNDERSTOOD BEFORE ANYTHING IS WRITTEN. Emitting the opcode
first and discovering a missing operand afterwards leaves half an instruction
in memory, which the next line usually covers up and the last line of a
session does not. Written that way first and fixed.
What cannot be written is a label, and that is the whole difference between
this and the assembler proper: a label is a promise to fill an address in
later, and later is what a line at a time does not have.
The recorded test now types in a complete program - a string poked into Data
Memory, instructions assembled into Program Memory, and the result run - and
includes a lower case mnemonic, both selector forms, an instruction that does
not exist and one missing its value, so the refusals sit beside the successes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Two changes that arrived together because both live in cosmos.asm.
THE SERVICES. A loaded program that wanted a file had to include the whole
filesystem, carrying two and a half kilobytes of a private copy of code the
system already had running, and then mount a disk that was already mounted.
Five services are added at pinned numbers 20 to 24: osFileRead, osFileSave,
osFileDelete, osFileRename and osPrintNumber.
The sizes fit the registers exactly in both directions. A file that can be
read into Data Memory is under 64K by definition, so its length is sixteen
bits: coming back it is DP3, going out it is A and B together, and neither
direction needs a record in memory whose shape both sides must agree on.
There is deliberately no service to mount a disk. The system mounts one
before its first prompt, and a program mounting it again was only ever a
consequence of owning a second copy of the library, so that call disappears
rather than moving. Apps/Files.asm writes, reads, renames and deletes a file
in 645 bytes and includes nothing but the service names.
THE MONITOR. Previously an application, now part of the shell, because an
application occupies the one region a loaded application is given: a monitor
that was an application could never examine another one, since loading the
thing to be inspected would replace the thing doing the inspecting.
"monitor" turns it on and the prompt becomes "*". It is a mode rather than a
sub-prompt, and it persists: because the mode is a variable the prompt reads
rather than a second loop, and every path back to the prompt goes through one
place including osExit, a program started with "g" that gives the machine back
arrives at the monitor prompt it was started from. Examining a program and
running it therefore do not interrupt each other. "exit" leaves whatever you
are in.
It supersedes dump, and adds disassembly, writing bytes, and jumping to an
address. Its instruction table is generated from the assembler's own list by
Tests/instructiontable.py rather than typed again, and Tests/docs.sh checks
both that the system's copy matches the generator and that the lengths that
table implies are the ones the manual's Bytes column prints. A disassembler
that disagreed about a length would not print one line wrong, it would lose
its place and print everything after it wrong.
Also here: b refuses a bank that is not registered, since asking the
controller for one is refused and a refusal nobody catches stops the machine;
g records the Stack the way run does, without which a program returning
through osExit restored whatever the last run had left; and make cosmos-disk
now depends on the system as well as the image.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
AnachronautandClaude Opus 5