fd962f0084d136b4264319588a7c4b1cd89db093
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Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
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  AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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2abc8281df |
Loops, and the scripting language is a language
while and for. Both only mean anything in a script, because a loop goes back to the line that opened it and a prompt has no line to go back to - and both say so rather than doing something surprising. THE SCRIPT READER KEEPS THE POSITION OF EVERY LINE before reading it, which is what makes any of this possible: by the time a line has been read the reader is past it, and a line is not a fixed size to subtract. Three words per line, and the block is read again on the way back so the pointer into it means what it meant - the same thing nesting one script inside another already did, for a different reason. THE TWO LOOPS END DIFFERENTLY, and that is the design rather than an accident. A while is taken away at its end and its own line asks the question again, so nothing has to be remembered. A for is not: how many words it has used is kept in the block, and its line reads itself again and counts one more off the front. That is a byte in a block instead of a copy of the word list in every one of them. Blocks grew from a byte to a record of sixteen - state, kind, words used, and where the line that opened it was - and sixteen because A and B are a shift register, so four rotations turn a block number into its offset. The history and the variables are addressed the same way for the same reason. Nested loops, an if inside a loop, a loop inside a branch nobody takes, and a for with no words: the last two run no times rather than once, which is the case worth having a test for. Three things found by running it: textSame asks whether two WHOLE strings are the same, so "in red green blue" is not "in". The word has to be split off before it is compared. A for typed at a prompt complained about while, because both arrive at the same place. One message that names neither is better than one that names the wrong one. And docs.sh caught a naming convention nobody had written down: it recognises a packed name by its label ending in "Name", so ForName2 was silently not counted. It failed the right way round - saying the run was shorter than the count claims rather than passing - but the convention now lives where the names are and not only in the checker. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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16f8232a35 |
Lines that are only run sometimes
if, else, end, and same. IF TAKES A COMMAND, which is one rule rather than two and is why comparing values needs no syntax of its own: "same" is an ordinary command that fails when its two words differ, so "if same $a $b" falls out of the rule instead of being an exception to it. Anything else that can fail is a question too - "if load Snake.sbx" is a perfectly good one. The shell already had the other half. LineFailed exists because a script stops at the first line that did not work, so every command was already saying whether it had, for a different reason entirely. A BLOCK HAS TWO KINDS OF NOT-RUNNING. One where an else would turn it on, and one where it would not - which is what an if pushes when something above it is already being skipped. That is what makes nesting need no looking down the stack: the top of it says everything. A branch nobody is taking is not even looked at. The skipping happens BEFORE the names are filled in, so a variable mentioned in a branch that is not running is not an error - a line nobody runs must not be able to fail. AND LINES MAY BE INDENTED, which they could not be before there was anything to indent inside. Nobody writes an if inside an if without indenting what is in them, and a leading space used to make the first word empty and match nothing. Found by writing the test script the way anybody would write one. CALL commandFailed became BRI commandFailed in nine places. It never returns - it marks the line and branches to the prompt - so calling it was a lie that cost a Stack frame each time, and fourteen other sites already branched. THE LINT RULE FOUND THIS, three days after I wrote the rule and on my own code: two false positives that were really the linter being right about a CALL that is not one. It does not fix the leak on its own, since a failure inside any called routine still abandons that frame, but it removes the cause of the commonest case and makes the code true. The mechanical edit then left a BRI prompt stranded behind one of them, and the linter caught that too. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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a8707f29f0 |
Names for things
"set apps /Apps", and then "$apps" anywhere on a later line stands for it. A name stops where a name stops - letters and digits - so it composes into a path without anything having to be quoted, which is the whole reason a script would want one. THE SUBSTITUTION HAPPENS ON EVERY LINE THE SHELL IS ABOUT TO RUN, typed or read out of a file, so the two behave the same and no command below has to know that variables exist. Same shape as the line editing: one place the whole system already flows through, rather than a decision made twenty times. A NAME NOTHING WAS SET TO DOES NOT RUN THE LINE. Every other shell expands it to nothing, and that is the wrong answer here: a mistyped name would quietly become an empty path, which is the class of silent wrong answer the rest of this system spends its effort refusing. It says so and the line counts as failed, which stops a script - and the test proves that by running one, where the line after it must not appear. Somebody who wants an empty value writes "set name" and gets one, so the escape hatch exists and has to be asked for. A NAME TOO LONG IS AN ERROR RATHER THAN A SHORTER NAME. Cutting it off at fifteen characters was the first version, and it is the same fault wearing a different coat: two names differing only after the fifteenth would be one variable, and the complaint about a missing one printed a word nobody typed. Eight slots of sixty four bytes - sixteen of name, forty eight of value - and sixty four rather than eighty because A and B are a sixteen bit shift register, so two rotations turn a slot number into its offset. The same trick the history uses, and the reason neither needs a multiply this machine has not got. TWO THINGS I GOT WRONG AND ONE I FOUND: doSetVar ended in RET. It is BRANCHED to from the dispatch, not called, so that RET went wherever the Stack happened to point - the same fault that formatted a disk last week, in a command written three days after the rule was named. The new lint rule does not catch this shape: it fires on falling INTO a subroutine, not on a branch target that ends like one. And a test of the expansion's answer, which is dead code: commandFailed does not return. It marks the line and branches to the prompt, the way every failure in this shell is reported, so the only way out of the expansion is the one where it worked. Which turned up a real leak, measured and not yet fixed: every failure that goes through commandFailed abandons the frames between the prompt and the call. SP goes from FFFD to FE6D over twenty of them, twenty bytes each. Its own commit. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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3c76934a9a |
Tab reaches the disk
Paths and programs, which is the half that makes it worth having. The first word of a line is a command or a PROGRAM, offered under the name somebody would type - the extension taken off - and anything after it is a file, offered as it really is. A separator anywhere in the word says which directory to look in. A directory answers with a separator on the end instead of a space, which says what it is and lets the next part be typed straight away. The answer ending in one is also what stops a space being added, so that is one test rather than a flag. PROGRAMS ARE LOOKED FOR WHERE THE SHELL WOULD LOOK to run one: where you are, /Apps on the disk you are on, and /Apps on drive 0. Offering something the shell would not find would be finishing a word into a thing that then does not work. Drive 0's is skipped when that is already the drive, or every program in it would be offered twice and nothing would ever be the only match. Walking somebody else's directory means standing in it, which is the only way to walk one here, so where the person was and which drive they were on are put down first and restored whatever happens. Three bugs, all found by running it: THE DIRECTORY TEST WAS INVERTED. dir asks the same question the same way round four hundred lines further up, which is what made it obvious once looked at. THE /Apps WALK OVERWROTE THE TYPED PATH. The whole search runs a second time to list the matches, and by then TabDir said "/Apps" - so a word that had named nowhere went looking in the wrong place and listed nothing at all. Two ways into the walk now, and the typed path is never written over. AND LISTING ONLY KNEW ABOUT COMMANDS, because it was a second copy of the walk. It is the same walk with a flag now: finding the answer and showing the matches are the same question asked twice. Also cosmosMonitor, which had been RE-BLESSED INTO MEANINGLESSNESS by the wall move. It disassembles a loaded program, at an address the input names - and that address moved a page while the recording was simply re-recorded to whatever came out, which was a page of zeroes. It is pointed at 5000 again. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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b04e4b7d1c |
Finish making the tune a program
The user's conversion, which I reverted while I was working out whether it was half done or broken. It was half done: an sbx application wants its #Include above #Program, because services.asm ends in a #Vectors block and a #Base written after that has no segment to be the base of. So the include moves up, the bases move a page with everything else, and the test starts it from the shell instead of booting it. It plays for 9,469,987 cycles, 9,423,527 of them waiting, which is the same 567 frames of music it played as a boot image. BEING A PROGRAM MEANS ITS VECTOR IS THE SYSTEM'S TO INSTALL. It brings the screen's, so that it has a beat to play to, and CosmOS puts it in when the tune starts and takes it back out when it stops - a thing a boot image never had to have right, and the second program here to exercise the version two format at all. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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3449405b18 |
Give the system another page of each memory
CosmOS had 1,161 bytes of Program Memory left before the address applications load at, and Tab completion is not going to fit in that with anything to spare. So the wall moves up one page: the system keeps below 0x4FFF and 0x2FFF, and an application is based at 0x5000 and 0x3000. A PAGE IS A CHEAP THING TO GIVE IT AND AN EXPENSIVE THING TO RUN OUT OF. An application still has 44K of Program Memory before the vector table and the largest one here uses 7.5K, so what was taken from applications is space nothing has ever asked for - while what the system gained is the difference between building the next thing and counting bytes while building it. Not doubling, which was the version that would have cost application space worth minding. One page, and the same again when it is needed. Nothing in the machine knows where the wall is, so this is 34 #Base lines, one threshold in the fault handler, and the table in the CosmOS README that Tests/docs.sh reads its limits out of. The native assembler's scratch map had to move with it, and docs.sh said so before anything ran: its data reached 0x40D6 and its buffers began at 0x4000, so they were sitting on its variables. That file already carries a paragraph about the floor coming up and the map staying where it was. It has happened twice now, and been caught by a check the first time wrote. Twenty three recordings are the same runs a page higher. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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fd9c4c75f8 |
Tell the person where it hurts
A fault stopped the machine and printed a line to standard error. On a terminal that is a diagnosis. Behind a window it is a frozen picture and no reason at all, because the message went somewhere nobody was looking - the machine looked hung and was not. It had stopped, and said so invisibly. CosmOS catches all five faults now and says what happened on the screen, with the address, in red. A FAULT ENDS THE PROGRAM, NOT THE MACHINE. That is the answer to "carry on or start again", and it is not a compromise: a bare RETI from most of these meets the instruction that failed and fails again, so carrying on was never on offer. But the machine is almost never what is broken. Everything the shell puts back when a program exits - the Stack, its vectors, the drive, the working directory, the console, the screen - is exactly what wants putting back after one dies, so the handler sets a status and joins handleExit. You are back at the prompt, and the program is recorded as having STOPPED rather than finished, because saying "finished" under a red fault message would be the shell contradicting itself. A fault below where programs load is the system's own, and there is nothing to go back to. That one says so and stops. THE SCREEN GOES BACK TO A MODE TEXT CAN BE SEEN IN, and that is the part that matters rather than the part that is prettiest. A program that faulted in bitmap mode left the console with no text rows, so it draws nothing at all: the message would be perfectly correct and completely invisible, which is the one thing it must never be. Two palette entries go back for the same reason, since a program that wrote its own colours can leave every ink the same as every paper. Only the two the message needs, so the rest of what the program chose is left alone. Both halves are checked by looking at the PICTURE, because the serial line was never where the problem was. Crash blind ruins the palette and drops into bitmap mode before it faults; without the mode the screen comes back 320 by 200 with nothing on it, and without the palette it is the right size with the message present and unreadable. Each break loses the red on its own. Crash is also a program worth having: it breaks in whichever of the five ways you name, so a fault screen can be looked at without having written a bug first. Two things found on the way: The native assembler keeps its OWN copy of the reserved vector names, so it did not know NoHandler or NoDevice and built a cosmos.bin that differed from the host assembler's. Caught by native.sh, which is exactly the drift that test exists for. And cosmosMonitor had dead input. It assembles code into 0x8000 and runs it, and that code faults - which used to kill the machine, so everything after it in the file had never run. It runs now, and the recording grew by sixty lines of monitor session that had been unreachable since the day the fault was put there. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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736037462e |
The shell edits the line it is given
Three different things used to do this job, and which one you got depended on where the machine was running. On a terminal the host held the line and did the echoing and the backspacing; behind a window the console's own gatherer did it; from a file nothing did it at all. One job, three implementations, none of them in the system - which is why there was no way to move about in a line and nowhere for a history to live. So editLine does it. Key mode while a line is being read and line mode straight after, so nothing else in the system and no program calling osReadLine notices anything changed. Left and Right, Home and End, Backspace for the character before the cursor and Delete for the one under it, and anything typed goes in where the cursor is with the rest of the line moving along. Ctrl-D means the end of input again, on an empty line, because that was a thing the terminal did while it was holding the line and it is not holding it now. Same trade as the echoing. MOST KEYSTROKES DRAW NOTHING BUT THEMSELVES. A character typed at the end of a line needs no cursor moved: printing it is the whole change, and a backspace there is three ordinary bytes. That matters beyond speed - moving the cursor by hand is what a terminal is TOLD about, in an escape sequence, so redrawing on every keypress would fill every recorded transcript in this suite with them. The line is only reprinted when something happened in the middle of it. Where the line STARTS is worked out backwards from where printing ended, rather than trusted from what was remembered. That is what makes it survive the screen scrolling: a line printed on the bottom row moves everything up by one, and a remembered row would be one too low from then on. The command line holds 127 characters, up from 63. The limit started to be felt the moment a line could be moved about in. 58 recordings changed, and every one of them by the echo. THE PROOF IS NOT A HEURISTIC: a CosmOS built with the echo silenced reproduces 187 of the 188 recordings byte for byte. The one exception is cosmosTyped, the backspace test, where the rub-out marks now come from the shell instead of from the console's gatherer - same marks, different author. cosmosEditKeys is the new test, and every line in it is typed wrong and then corrected with a different key. Its last line is eighty six characters at a prompt in column two on an eighty column screen, so the line runs onto the row below and the shell has to find the start of something it can no longer see; breaking either half of that arithmetic fails it. Also: agree.sh looked for "> the same", anchored to a prompt that no longer precedes what a command prints. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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Anachronaut
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87d819847e |
A program can say how it went
SWI osExit takes a status in A, and the shell keeps it. Fifty eight exits across twenty three programs now say deliberately whether they worked: 25 did what they were asked, 24 did not, 9 were asked wrongly. Compare is the exception and says so - one there means the files differ, which is a result rather than a failure, the way diff has always had it. IN A RATHER THAN Q, which is not a departure from the rule that a service answers in Q. This one takes an ARGUMENT, the way osPrintNumber takes A and B, and it never returns to answer anything. A is free precisely because a return would have put it back - and Q is the ALU's output, so a small number costs four instructions there against one in A. The shell does not print it. A program that failed has already said so in words and a number beside that is noise, so osLastStatus hands it back and Status is the program that shows it. That indirection is the point: the number exists for the thing that cannot read words. MARKING THE EXITS FOUND A DEFECT ON THE FIRST RUN. Type and More printed why they had failed and then fell through into the success exit, reporting that all was well. Nobody had noticed, because while the only reader was a person, the person could see both the complaint and the claim. Two smaller things. Snake sets the console to line mode and then exits with zero, and the linter flagged the second RSTA as redundant - an exit status and a console mode, equal by accident, which is the class that must never be collapsed. And the README still taught answering by writing into the frame, three months of habit that SRET replaced yesterday; that section is gone and the one describing SRET stands in its place. |
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Anachronaut
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cd5f548736 |
Move the opcode map: nothing in 0x0X, and room for a return variant
Three blocks move and nothing else changes. Branches take 0x60, subroutines take 0x70, and the ALU moves up into the 0x10 block the two of them used to share. Order within each block is preserved exactly - this relocates them, it does not rethink them. WHAT IT BUYS IS AN EMPTY 0x00 TO 0x0F. Program Memory that was never written, or a load that stopped part way and left zeroes in its tail, used to read as a long run of ADDs: the machine carried on through them, arrived somewhere unpredictable, and whatever broke there was a long way from the byte that caused it. Now it faults where it is met: Fault: 0x00 at Program Address 0x0004 is not an instruction. That is the address of the byte after the last real instruction, which is the difference between a diagnosis and a search. Reserving the whole nibble rather than just 0x00 means a run into blank memory faults wherever it starts rather than only when it lands on the right byte. runOffTest records it, and the block is left empty for whatever turns out to want it. The other half is room: branches and subroutines had filled 0x10 to 0x1F between them, so a service return that keeps Q and DP3 had nowhere to sit next to its family. It has 0x76 waiting now. Five places wrote an opcode down that the scripted remap did not reach, and four of them were found by tests rather than by looking: - secondPass.c lists which opcodes take an address, and firstPass.c knows SWI by number. Missing those made XOR read as a branch. - Asm.asm knows SWI by number too, being the other assembler. Missing it made the native and host assemblers disagree byte for byte, which is exactly the check that exists to catch a thing known in two places. - loaderTest.asm carries a hand written payload, and its RETI was 0x19. To the assembler those are numbers and to the program they are data, so nothing but running it could notice. It says so in a comment now. - The Assembler Manual prints the bytes hello.asm assembles to, and two of them were branches. The monitor's recorded disassembly moved by exactly the bytes it should: 18 became 72 wherever SWI appears, with SETD and INIB untouched and every disassembled line still reading the same. |
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Anachronaut
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9c144469b4 |
Take the SplitLint findings that are one operation, leave the rest
Twenty four more sites, and the interesting part is which ones were left alone. A rule emerged while reading them and it held all the way through: apply where the repetition is INSIDE one operation, skip where the author's own structure says it is a new thought, and never where two equal values mean different things. Taken: - Five registers reassigned to a value they already held, where both are the same quantity: two masks in one expression in Snake, two spaces printed by the monitor, both halves of block zero in waitTest, and a RSTA in Pour that the very next instruction overwrote. - Eighteen SETDs that reload a pointer inside one operation - a store back into the variable just read, or an INCD stepping to the second byte of a two byte value. Those read correctly without the reload. - sbfsNext, which branched to the label on the line below it. Left, with reasons that are the useful part of this: - Eight registers where the same number means two different things. CosmOS and the loader set A to 1 for a blit command and then to 1 again for a bank number; Asm compares a type against 3 and then a status against 3. Removing those couples one quantity to another that is equal by accident and would part company silently. - Ten RSTAs that open the RSTA/RSTB/CCF/ADD "return zero" block. The redundancy is what makes that idiom self contained; taking it out makes the return value depend on the line above. - Eleven SETDs that begin an arm of a comparison chain. Each arm loads, compares and branches, and they get reordered - the repetition is the reason a new arm can be dropped in anywhere. - Twenty five SETDs separated from their pointer by a blank line or a comment, which is the author saying a new thought starts here. - Two CCFs before arithmetic, which this codebase writes unconditionally. - Three redundant branches in test programs whose recorded output includes addresses, where three fewer bytes moves what the test demonstrates. Nine recorded outputs moved and every one is a size in a listing or, for Life, five more generations inside the same cycle budget. Behaviour is unchanged everywhere: cosmosSnake and cosmosEdit pass byte for byte while Snake loses eight bytes and Edit twelve. CosmOS is 10,902 bytes of program against 10,937, and the native assembler 12,173 against 12,183. The CosmOS README's size for Edit moved twice in one sitting, and this morning's check caught it both times - which it could not have done before that claim was reworded to name what it was about. |
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Anachronaut
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e1273337c4 |
Two mechanical fixes SplitLint found: MVQA, and RSTA for zero
Twenty four places moved Q into A or B by pushing it and popping it back. That is four bus cycles and two bytes to do what MVQA does in one of each, and several of them are inside loops - Life, the calculator, int8. Nineteen more loaded zero with INIA 0d0 where RSTA says the same thing in one byte. Both are equivalent at the CPU rather than by assertion: RSTA and INIA both leave Status alone, and PSHQ followed by POPA nets to A = Q with the Stack Pointer where it started. The one difference is that the pair leaves a copy of Q in memory just below the Stack Pointer and MVQA does not, which nothing here reads. Five recorded outputs moved and every one of them says the change worked: - 16x16Life fits five more generations into the same cycle budget, the first 457 lines identical, because the loop got cheaper. - Life.sbx is 1409 bytes rather than 1411, in three tests that list it. - Edit.sbx is 1995 rather than 1996. That last one broke a check I added this morning, and the hole is worth recording: the CosmOS README's claim about Edit's size did not have the word "Edit" on the same line as the number, because the subject was in the sentence before, so the check that measures quoted sizes skipped it silently. The sentence now names what it is talking about, which makes it both checkable and clearer, and the check fails on a wrong number there. Comments on either half of a replaced pair are carried onto the instruction that replaces them, so nothing anybody wrote was lost. |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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00d896e3e7 |
Break shows registers it chose, not ones it inherited
Break left DP1 and DP2 alone, so what a stop printed for them was whatever the shell happened to have left there - which is a CosmOS address, which moves whenever CosmOS is touched at all. The recorded output had to be taken again four times in one day's work, every time for a value that is not this program's and that nothing should ever depend on. It sets all three of the pointers it owns now, rotated between the two stops so that every one of them visibly changes, the way A and B already did. DP3 stays as the system left it: it is where the program was entered, which is the one thing worth seeing here that this program did not choose, and it is steady because it is this program's own base. A demonstration of what the registers were should show registers somebody chose. Then every line of the record is being asserted rather than merely observed, and a reader can tell which is which. Checked both ways: sixty four bytes added to CosmOS's data no longer moves it, and reading the frame at the wrong offset still fails it. cosmosRun and cosmosMonitor move because Break is sixteen bytes longer and both of them list the disk it sits on. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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588e02aff5 |
Double CosmOS's half of the machine, and check that it fits
The memory map gave CosmOS 0x0000 through 0x1FFF of Program Memory and applications 0x2000 and above. CosmOS is 8141 bytes at the previous commit, which is fifty one bytes short of the line, and the next thing added to it went over. GOING OVER DOES NOT FAIL WHERE IT HAPPENS. Nothing enforces the division: an application says where it goes with #Base and the loader puts it there, so a CosmOS that has grown past 0x1FFF simply has the next program loaded written over the end of it. What breaks is whichever part of the shell that program happened to cover, at whatever later moment somebody uses it. It turned up here as the monitor's assemble command answering "I do not know" to valid instructions, several commands into a session, on a machine that had booted perfectly well. Both halves are doubled: applications now start at 0x4000 in Program Memory and 0x2000 in Data Memory. That is 16K of code and 8K of data for the system, against the 8775 and 2948 it uses today. Both were on the same trajectory, and moving them together means the twenty files that say #Base are edited once rather than twice. The standalone loader's loadable.asm keeps its old base: it belongs to the loader CosmOS grew out of, not to CosmOS, and its addresses answer to a different program. The unbased-segment diagnostic keeps its old base too - it exists to produce an error message that names the address, and the message is what is recorded. Tests/docs.sh now reads the two limits out of the table in the README and measures both segments against them. It reads them rather than being told them because the table is the specification, and this is the second time in this project that the thing nobody checked is the thing that rotted. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01E2JrLzFvuFX9fgi1LDRjrW |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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3b800a69e8 |
Monitor: a line assembler
a <address>, then instructions until a line that is just a dot. The syntax is the assembler's own: a selector rides on the mnemonic as LDA.0 or LDD.0.1, and leaving one off means Data Pointer 0 exactly as it does in a source file, so nothing learned at the monitor has to be unlearned when writing a program. Case is folded, since the assembler does not care either. Numbers are hexadecimal and bare. A source file writes 0x2000 or 0d16 because it has both and must say which; a monitor has one and says so once, in the manual, rather than on every line. It reads the same table the disassembler does, searched the other way round, which is the point of it being a table rather than two lists: what a writes, d reads back, and neither can drift from the other or from the assembler both were generated from. Instruction lengths come from the shared shape table too, so the cursor cannot get out of step with what was written. THE WHOLE LINE IS UNDERSTOOD BEFORE ANYTHING IS WRITTEN. Emitting the opcode first and discovering a missing operand afterwards leaves half an instruction in memory, which the next line usually covers up and the last line of a session does not. Written that way first and fixed. What cannot be written is a label, and that is the whole difference between this and the assembler proper: a label is a promise to fill an address in later, and later is what a line at a time does not have. The recorded test now types in a complete program - a string poked into Data Memory, instructions assembled into Program Memory, and the result run - and includes a lower case mnemonic, both selector forms, an instruction that does not exist and one missing its value, so the refusals sit beside the successes. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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c23adb2836 |
Break: name the status register properly and show the Stack Pointer
The dump labelled the status register "S", which reads as Stack to anybody sensible - and the Stack Pointer was the one register it did not show, so there was nothing to contradict the guess. It is written "status" now, and followed by the bits that are up, because a dump that makes you look the number up is only half a dump. The Stack Pointer is not in the frame, since the frame is where the Stack Pointer is. What the program had is fourteen bytes above it, that being what entering an interrupt puts down, so it is worked out and shown. Apps/Break.asm takes its second stop inside a subroutine, so the recorded output shows the Stack Pointer at FFFF and then at FFF5: a difference of ten, which is the size of a CALL frame. That checks the value is derived rather than constant, which the previous version could not have told you. Reported by Anachronaut, who read the output and asked why a pointer was two digits long. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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5fd995aa62 |
Breakpoints: SWI osBreak, and s refuses a read only bank
A breakpoint that shows every register as the program had them, waits for a key, and carries on. NOTHING IS OVERWRITTEN, and that is the design rather than a shortcut. A breakpoint poked into a running program has to replace an instruction, and putting that instruction back in order to continue is the same act as disarming the breakpoint; firing a second time would mean stepping over the restored instruction and putting the breakpoint back behind it, and this machine cannot step a single instruction. SWI is two bytes, dispatches through a vector, and its frame already holds the address after it, so RETI resumes at the next instruction with nothing to restore and nothing to re-arm. It fires every time it is reached. The price is that a breakpoint is part of the program: a build with them in has different addresses from a build without. That is the bargain every machine with a break instruction makes. Every value shown comes out of the frame rather than the registers, because by the time the handler runs the registers are the handler's. Apps/Break.asm stops twice so that the second stop is checked as well as the first. Also here, found by the test that came with it: the monitor's s wrote into whichever bank was selected, and bank 2 is the controller's own table, published read only. Writing to it was refused, and a refusal nobody catches stops the machine - so selecting the bank table to look at it and then typing s killed the session. bankPresent now keeps the whole flags byte and s declines. The recorded output of cosmosMonitor had contained that crash, having been blessed without being read. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> |
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AnachronautandClaude Opus 5
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0b6d2be43f |
CosmOS: a service interface for the disk and console, and the monitor in the shell
Two changes that arrived together because both live in cosmos.asm. THE SERVICES. A loaded program that wanted a file had to include the whole filesystem, carrying two and a half kilobytes of a private copy of code the system already had running, and then mount a disk that was already mounted. Five services are added at pinned numbers 20 to 24: osFileRead, osFileSave, osFileDelete, osFileRename and osPrintNumber. The sizes fit the registers exactly in both directions. A file that can be read into Data Memory is under 64K by definition, so its length is sixteen bits: coming back it is DP3, going out it is A and B together, and neither direction needs a record in memory whose shape both sides must agree on. There is deliberately no service to mount a disk. The system mounts one before its first prompt, and a program mounting it again was only ever a consequence of owning a second copy of the library, so that call disappears rather than moving. Apps/Files.asm writes, reads, renames and deletes a file in 645 bytes and includes nothing but the service names. THE MONITOR. Previously an application, now part of the shell, because an application occupies the one region a loaded application is given: a monitor that was an application could never examine another one, since loading the thing to be inspected would replace the thing doing the inspecting. "monitor" turns it on and the prompt becomes "*". It is a mode rather than a sub-prompt, and it persists: because the mode is a variable the prompt reads rather than a second loop, and every path back to the prompt goes through one place including osExit, a program started with "g" that gives the machine back arrives at the monitor prompt it was started from. Examining a program and running it therefore do not interrupt each other. "exit" leaves whatever you are in. It supersedes dump, and adds disassembly, writing bytes, and jumping to an address. Its instruction table is generated from the assembler's own list by Tests/instructiontable.py rather than typed again, and Tests/docs.sh checks both that the system's copy matches the generator and that the lengths that table implies are the ones the manual's Bytes column prints. A disassembler that disagreed about a length would not print one line wrong, it would lose its place and print everything after it wrong. Also here: b refuses a bank that is not registered, since asking the controller for one is refused and a refusal nobody catches stops the machine; g records the Stack the way run does, without which a program returning through osExit restored whatever the last run had left; and make cosmos-disk now depends on the system as well as the image. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> |